Portadores asintomáticos de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistentes (MRSA) en pescadores y horticultores de Guerrero, México / Asymptomatic carriers of resistant methicillin Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in fishermen and horticulturists in Guerrero, Mexico

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) ha sido considerado clásicamente un patógeno oportunista, causante de diversas infecciones en humanos y animales, es resistente a múltiples antibióticos característica que dificulta su control y tratamiento, se encuentra en las fosas nasales de personas sanas y se denomina estado de portador que produce motivos de alarma, desde su aparición en la década de los 70s, lo cual se ha diseminado de tal forma que hoy es el patógeno más importante del mundo considerado un problema de salud pública. OBJETIVO: Determinar la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistentes (SAMR) en portadores asintomáticos, pescadores y horticultores de Guerrero, México. METODOLOGÍA: Se detectaron portadores asintomáticos en pescadores y horticultores en el estado de Guerrero. Se tomaron 107 muestras nasales, se cultivaron e identificaron cepas de S. aureus con pruebas bioquímicas convencionales, las cepas MRSA se evaluaron mediante el método de difusión de disco, por la técnica de Kirby-Bauer, siguiendo las normas internacionales del CLSI. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron por la resistencia a la oxacilina y ser cefoxitina positivos, de los resultados obtenidos de 57 pescadores y 50 horticultores, solo se logró detectar cuatro cepas MRSA en los pescadores, la detección de estas cepas en el ambiente podría ser importante. CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de S. aureus resulta de trascendencia epidemiológica dado que se puede transmitir de personas-personas, manipuladores de alimentos que portan ya que S. aureus productores de enterotoxinas causan intoxicaciones alimentarias, es por ello que este es el primer reporte del estado de portador de MRSA en pescadores y horticultores en el estado de Guerrero. Por lo mismo se requiere poner atención, ya que de lo contrario los resultados en salud pública podrían ser negativos

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classically considered an opportunistic pathogen, causing various infections in humans and animals, it is resistant to multiple specific antibiotics that hinder its control and treatment, it is found in the nasal passages of healthy people and it has been called a carrier state that produces reasons for alarm, since its appearance in the 1970s, which has spread in such a way that today it is the most important pathogen in the world considered a public health problem. AIM: METODOLOGY: Asymptomatic carriers were detected in fishermen and horticulturists in the state of Guerrero. 107 nasal samples were taken, S. aureus strains were cultivated and identified with specific biochemical tests, MRSA strains were evaluated by the disk diffusion method, by the Kirby-Bauer technique, following the international standards of CLSI. RESULTS: Were detected by resistance to oxacillin and being cefoxitin positive, of the results detected from 57 fishermen and 50 horticulturists, only four MRSA They were detected due to resistance to oxacillin and being cefoxitin positive. From the results obtained from 57 fishermen and 50 horticulturists, only four MRSA strains were detected in fishermen; detection of these strains in the environment could be important. CONCLUSION: The presence of S. aureus is of epidemiological significance since it can be transmitted from people to people, food handlers that carry, since S. aureus, producers of enterotoxins, cause food poisoning, which is why this is the first report on carrier status of MRSA in fishermen and horticulturists in the state of Guerrero. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention, since otherwise the results in public health could be negative

Evidence of vertical transmission and co-circulation of chikungunya and dengue viruses in field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Guerrero, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: We report results of the entomo-virological surveillance system in Aedes aegypti local populations performed by the Ministry of Health of Guerrero. METHODS: Indoor-adult Ae. aegypti collected at Acapulco, Zihuatanejo, Coyuca de Benitez and Atoyac de Alvarez (dry season, 2015) were processed for dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) using RT-PCR. RESULTS: We identified different seroptypes of DENV (2, 3 and 4), CHIKV and their co-circulation in field-caught mosquitoes across a significant geographic area. Pools of males were positive for CHIKV and DENV 3 and 4 suggesting vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Entomo-virological surveillance in Guerrero has identified early circulation of CHIKV and DENV and provided a trigger for timely and focalized vector control actions.

Arbovirus Surveillance and First Report of Chikungunya Virus in Wild Populations of Aedes aegypti from Guerrero, Mexico.

We carried out dengue (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) surveillance in wild populations of Aedes aegypti from Guerrero, Mexico, from 2012 to 2014 following a standard national protocol of the Mexican Dengue Control Program. A total of 284 pools (15-30 specimens/pool) of female mosquitoes were tested with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect DENV and CHIKV. We report for the 1st time the detection of CHIKV from field-collected mosquitoes at Acapulco and Juchitán in 2014. Results from DENV are also reported.

Natural vertical transmission of dengue-1 virus in Aedes aegypti populations in Acapulco, Mexico.

We carried out dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti populations from 47 neighborhoods of Acapulco during the rainy season of 2011 following a standard national protocol and as an improvement of the entomological surveillance of the Mexican Dengue Control Program. A total of 4,146 Ae. aegypti adults collected indoors and/or emerged from eggs, larvae, or pupae from households with dengue reports (probable or confirmed cases), were grouped into pools and processed using a standardized serotype-specific 4-plex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Overall, only 2 (0.9%) of 226 pools of Ae. aegypti adults (1 pool of adults emerged from field-collected larvae, and another of indoor-collected adults) were positive for dengue virus 1 (DENV-1). This is appears to be the 1st report of evidence on the vertical and transovarial transmission of DENV-1 in field-caught Ae. aegypti in Mexico.